I recently became aware of “tactics of moral disengagement” (Detert at al., 2008; Bandura et al., 1996).
In a nutshell there are mechanisms whereby moral decision-making is short-circuited, allowing (excusing?) the individual from proper behavior. There are eight such tactics: moral justification; euphemistic labeling; advantageous comparison; displacement of responsibility; diffusion of responsibility; disregarding or distorting consequences; dehumanization; and attribution of blame. Please consult the references I have provided for a wealth of examples. One of the tactics is euphemistic labeling: “I didn’t really steal the money from the corporate account. I merely re-allocated corporate assets.” The feds might have another take on your alibi!
Another tactic is dehumanization: “We didn’t murder anyone. What we killed is not even human. They do not come from our country/religion/town/race.”
Do these tactics sound familiar? Can you think of more examples, perhaps from your life?
And then there is Immordino-Yang’s work on the connection between the neurophysiological connection to behavior (Immordino-Yang and Damasio, 2007). I will be researching the impact of tactics of moral disengagement on appraisal and other professions such as accounting and engineering.
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Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 71(2), 364-374. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364
Detert, J. R., Trevino, L. K., & Sweitzer, V. L. (2008). Moral disengagement in ethical decision making: A study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 374-391.
Immordino-Yang, M. H., & Damasio, A. (2007). We Feel, Therefore We Learn: The Relevance of Affective and Social Neuroscience to Education. [Article]. Mind, Brain & Education, 1(1), 3-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-228X.2007.00004.x